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References: Construction Classes, Materials and Spark Resistance

  1. Non-ferrous metal - Wikipedia - Defines metals and alloys without appreciable iron, such as aluminum, copper and brass, and their properties. Background for the chapter's non-ferrous material list in spark-resistant construction.

  2. Stainless steel - Wikipedia - Explains how chromium gives this iron-based alloy its corrosion resistance and describes grades such as 304, 316 and duplex 2205, matching the chapter's shaft and housing options.

  3. Weathering steel - Wikipedia - Describes COR-TEN, the low-alloy steel that forms a protective oxide layer, giving context for the Corten option in Twin City Fan's high temperature material lists.

  4. Corrosion Engineering (3rd ed.) - Mars G. Fontana - McGraw-Hill - Fontana is credited with the widely taught "eight forms of corrosion" framework, including galvanic attack between dissimilar metals, which frames material and coating choices and stainless-to-mild-steel joints.

  5. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (10th ed.) - William D. Callister Jr. and David G. Rethwisch - Wiley - Callister's structure-properties-processing approach and clear ferrous versus nonferrous alloy classification explain why stainless steel counts as ferrous and aluminum loses strength with heat.

  6. FanPedia: The Fan & Blower Encyclopedia (PDF) - Twin City Fan - Primary source for spark-resistant Types A, B and C, high temperature packages, high moisture and insulated construction, drains, grounding devices and shaft materials.

  7. FanPedia online - Twin City Fan - Web edition of FanPedia with Fan Construction and Accessories galleries, including drains, weep holes and grounding devices, for quick reference to this chapter's constructions.

  8. Spark Resistant Fan Construction (FE-2200) - Twin City Fan Engineering Letter - Explains AMCA Standard 99-0401's Type A, B and C spark-resistant classifications, responsibilities and residual risks, the basis of the chapter's spark-resistance section.

  9. High Temperature Fans (FE-3200) - Twin City Fan Engineering Letter - The letter FanPedia cites for high temperature construction: material limits, creep, impeller and shaft materials, bearings, shaft seals and shaft cooling.

  10. AMCA Publications - Air Movement and Control Association International - Lists AMCA standards, including the AMCA 99 Standards Handbook with its spark-resistant construction classifications and interpretations, and the fan class operating limits named in this chapter.