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References: Spring Isolators, Restraints and Field Measurement

  1. Shaft alignment - Wikipedia - Explains offset and angular misalignment between coupled shafts and the methods used to correct them. It supports the chapter's section on shaft and coupling alignment.

  2. Freewheel - Wikipedia - Describes one-way clutch mechanisms that turn freely in one direction and lock in the other. It explains the principle behind the anti-backspin devices that stop idle fans from turning in reverse.

  3. Flow measurement - Wikipedia - Surveys flow measurement methods, including differential-pressure devices such as nozzles and venturis. It is background for the chapter's piezometer ring and the square-root relationship \( Q = K\sqrt{\Delta p} \).

  4. Mechanical Vibrations - Singiresu S. Rao - Pearson - Rao's worked examples on static deflection, natural frequency and transmissibility of spring-mounted machines are widely used in engineering courses. They match the step-by-step spring calculation in this chapter.

  5. Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook (3rd edition) - Richard W. Miller - McGraw-Hill - Miller's handbook is known for its detailed treatment of differential-pressure flowmeters and their coefficients. It is the theory behind using a fan's inlet funnel as a flow nozzle.

  6. FanPedia: The Fan & Blower Encyclopedia (PDF) - Twin City Fan - The source for spring isolator types and mounting styles (pp. 133-135), piezometer rings and transmitters (pp. 158-160), and anti-backspin devices and thrust restraints (pp. 162-197).

  7. FanPedia online - Twin City Fan - The web edition of FanPedia, covering the same isolation and accessory topics. Use it with the current catalogs, which take priority when they differ from FanPedia.

  8. Vibration Isolation of Fans (FE-1900) - Twin City Fan Fan Engineering Letter - Gives the deflection, natural frequency and transmissibility relationships for fan isolators in chart form. It also discusses spring constants, structure stiffness and inertia bases.

  9. Piezometer Airflow Measurement System (IM-105) - Twin City Fan - The installation, operation and maintenance manual FanPedia cites for piezometer details. It covers installing and using the airflow measuring system described in this chapter.

  10. Field Testing of Fans (FE-900) - Twin City Fan Fan Engineering Letter - Describes field fan tests, including system evaluations, acceptance tests and pitot tube traverses. It is the traditional alternative to the piezometer method for verifying installed airflow.